Cataracts are one of the most common eye problems affecting millions of people worldwide, especially with ageing. When the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, vision starts to blur, making daily activities difficult. While eye drops and medicines may slow down progression, surgery is the only permanent solution.
Among the different surgical options available, PHACO surgery (also known as phacoemulsification) has emerged as the most advanced and preferred technique. This modern approach ensures painless, stitch-free, and quick recovery, helping patients restore clear vision with minimal discomfort.
What is a Cataract?
A cataract occurs when the proteins in the eye’s natural lens break down and clump together, creating a cloudy layer. This prevents light from passing clearly to the retina, causing blurred or foggy vision. If left untreated, cataracts can lead to severe visual impairment.
Cataracts are most commonly age-related, but factors such as diabetes, prolonged steroid use, smoking, or injury can also contribute to their development.
The most effective way to treat cataracts is through surgery, where the damaged lens is removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
What is Phaco Cataract Surgery?
Phaco cataract surgery is a minimally invasive and highly precise method of cataract removal. Instead of making a large incision, as in traditional surgery, phaco uses a tiny incision of 2–3 mm.
The surgeon uses an advanced phaco machine that emits ultrasonic vibrations to break the cloudy natural lens into tiny fragments. These fragments are then suctioned out, and a foldable artificial lens (IOL) is inserted in its place.
Because the incision is so small, the eye heals naturally without stitches. Patients usually notice improved vision almost immediately, with further clarity developing within a few days.
Advantages of Phaco Eye Operation
Phaco eye operation offers several benefits over traditional cataract surgery methods like SICS (Small Incision Cataract Surgery):
- Painless and Stitch-less: Carried out under topical anaesthesia (eye drops), so the patient feels no pain.
- Quick Recovery: Most patients return to normal life and work within 2 weeks.
- Smaller Incision: Reduced risk of infection and faster natural healing.
- Day-Care Procedure: Surgery takes less than 15 minutes, and patients are discharged within a few hours.
- High Precision: The ultrasound technology ensures controlled cataract removal with minimal risk.
- Better Visual Outcomes: Patients report clearer and sharper vision; premium multifocal lenses can even reduce dependency on glasses.
Step-by-Step Process of Phaco Surgery
Here’s how a typical phaco cataract surgery is performed:
- The eye is numbed using anaesthetic drops.
- A tiny incision is made to insert the phaco probe.
- Ultrasonic energy breaks the cloudy lens into micro-fragments.
- Fragments are gently suctioned out of the eye.
- A foldable intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in place of the natural lens.
- The incision heals naturally without stitches.
- The eye is protected with a patch and later with dark glasses.
The entire procedure usually takes around 10 minutes, but patients need to stay at the hospital for 3–4 hours for preparation and post-surgery observation.
Preparing for Phaco Cataract Surgery
Before undergoing the surgery, patients should:
- Consult an eye surgeon and discuss medical history, allergies, or ongoing medications.
- Undergo recommended tests such as blood pressure, blood sugar, and eye scans.
- Start prescribed eye drops a few days before surgery (as advised).
- Arrange for someone to accompany them home, since driving post-surgery is not allowed.
- Plan a short recovery period of 1–2 weeks, avoiding strenuous activities.
What to Expect After Phaco Eye Operation
Recovery from phaco cataract surgery is usually smooth and quick:
- Vision begins to improve immediately, though mild blurriness and redness are common for a few days.
- Eye drops will be prescribed to prevent infection and promote healing.
- Patients should wear protective glasses to avoid dust and accidental rubbing.
- Strenuous activities, swimming, and heavy lifting should be avoided for at least 3–4 weeks.
- Follow-up check-ups with the eye surgeon are essential for safe recovery.
How Long Does Recovery Take?
Most patients resume normal activities within 1–2 weeks. Full recovery and stabilization of vision usually take 4–5 weeks. With advanced multifocal lenses, patients may not need glasses after surgery.
Does Phaco Cataract Surgery Hurt?
No. Phaco surgery is painless. Since topical anaesthesia is used, patients remain awake but feel no pain during the operation. The process is comfortable, quick, and safe.
Final Thoughts
Phaco cataract surgery has transformed cataract treatment by offering a painless, stitch-free, and highly effective solution for vision restoration. With advanced technology, shorter recovery times, and excellent visual outcomes, it has become the most preferred method worldwide.
If you or a loved one is suffering from cataracts, consult an eye specialist about the benefits of phaco eye operation and explore the best lens options suited to your lifestyle.
